The abundance of health-associated bacteria is altered in PAH polluted soils-Implications for health in urban areas?

Long-term exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been connected to chronic human health disorders. It is also well-known that i) PAH contamination alters soil bacterial communities, ii) human microbiome is associated with environmental microbiome, and iii) alteration in the abundance of members in several bacterial phyla is associated with adverse or beneficial human health effects. We hypothesized that soil pollution by PAHs altered soil bacterial communities that had known associations with human health. The rationale behind our study was to increase understanding and potentially facilitate reconsidering factors that lead to health disorders in areas characterized by PAH contamination. Large containers filled with either spruce forest soil, pine forest soil, peat, or glacial sand were left to incubate or contaminated with creosote. Biological degradation of PAHs was monitored using GC-MS, and the bacterial community composition was analyzed using 454 pyrosequencing. Proteobacteria had higher and Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes had lower relative abundance in creosote contaminated soils than in non-contaminated soils. Earlier studies have demonstrated that an increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased abundance of the phyla Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes are particularly associated with adverse health outcomes and immunological disorders. Therefore, we propose that pollution-induced shifts in natural soil bacterial community, like in PAH-polluted areas, can contribute to the prevalence of chronic diseases. We encourage studies that simultaneously address the classic "adverse toxin effect" paradigm and our novel "altered environmental microbiome" hypothesis.Peer reviewe

Pengaruh pemberian hukuman terhadap pembentukan akhlaq peserta didik di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Sidoarjo

Peserta didik yang nakal disekolah hanya dianggap sebagai pengisi waktu saja dari pada kesepian di rumah tidak ada teman. Peserta didik yang berpendapat demikian akan menjadi penghalang terhadap kemajuan belajar dirinya sendiri mapun teman-temannya. Akibatnya mereka yang melanggar peraturan di sekolah dan mendapat hukuman atau sanksi. Hukuman sendiri di sekolah dibuat bukan sebagai pembalasan, tetapi dibuat untuk memperbaiki peserta didik yang dihukum dan melindungi pesera didik lain dari kesalahan yang sama. Oleh karenanya diperlukan pendidikan yang baik untuk membentuk akhlak siswa, diantaranya melalui penerapan dari hukuman sebagai alat pendidikan agar terdapat efek jera. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena akhlak adalah kunci utama untuk menjadi insan kamil. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana pemberian Hukuman di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Sidoarjo? (2) Bagaimana pembentukan Akhlak peserta didik di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Sidoarjo? (3) Bagaimana pengaruh Pemberian Hukuman terhadap Pembentukan Akhlaq peserta didik di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Sidoarjo? Instrument pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi. Kuesioner dan Interview sebagai instrumen pengumpulan data primer dan teknik dokumentasi sebagai instrument pengumpulan data sekunder. Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan teknik prosentase untuk data yang bersifat deskriptif dan teknik Regresi Linier untuk data yang bersifat kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Pemberian hukuman di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Sidoarjo tergolong baik. (2) Pembentukan akhlak peserta didik di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Sidoarjo tergolong baik. (3) Hasil perhitungan Regresi Linier diperoleh angka yang nilainya tersebut menunjukkan lebih besar dari Harga Kritik Regresi Linier baik pada taraf signifikansi 5 % maupun 1 %, berarti hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima, dan hipotesis nihil (Ho) ditolak. Kesimpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara variabel Pemberian hukuman terhadap pembentukan akhlak peserta didik di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Sidoarjo sebesar 5,7 %

Biosurfactants produced by Bacillus subtilis A1 and Pseudomonas stutzeri NA3 reduce longevity and fecundity of Anopheles stephensi and show high toxicity against young instars

Anopheles stephensi acts as vector of Plasmodium parasites, which are responsible for malaria in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Currently, malaria management is a big challenge due to the presence of insecticide-resistant strains as well as to the development of Plasmodium species highly resistant to major antimalarial drugs. Therefore, the present study focused on biosurfactant produced by two bacteria Bacillus subtilis A1 and Pseudomonas stutzeri NA3, evaluating them for insecticidal applications against malaria mosquitoes. The produced biosurfactants were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which confirmed that biosurfactants had a lipopeptidic nature. Both biosurfactants were tested against larvae and pupae of A. stephensi. LC50 values were 3.58 (larva I), 4.92 (II), 5.73 (III), 7.10 (IV), and 7.99 (pupae) and 2.61 (I), 3.68 (II), 4.48 (III), 5.55 (IV), and 6.99 (pupa) for biosurfactants produced by B. subtilis A1 and P. stutzeri NA3, respectively. Treatments with bacterial surfactants led to various physiological changes including longer pupal duration, shorter adult oviposition period, and reduced longevity and fecundity. To the best of our knowledge, there are really limited reports on the mosquitocidal and physiological effects due to biosurfactant produced by bacterial strains. Overall, the toxic activity of these biosurfactant on all young instars of A. stephensi, as well as their major impact on adult longevity and fecundity, allows their further consideration for the development of insecticides in the fight against malaria mosquitoes

Twenty years of coordination technologies: State-of-the-art and perspectives

Since complexity of inter- and intra-systems interactions is steadily increasing in modern application scenarios (e.g., the IoT), coordination technologies are required to take a crucial step towards maturity. In this paper we look back at the history of the COORDINATION conference in order to shed light on the current status of the coordination technologies there proposed throughout the years, in an attempt to understand success stories, limitations, and possibly reveal the gap between actual technologies, theoretical models, and novel application needs

Ownership Types for the Join Calculus

International audienceThis paper investigates ownership types in a concurrent setting using the Join calculus as the model of processes. Ownership types have the effect of statically preventing certain communication, and can block the accidental or malicious leakage of secrets. Intuitively, a channel defines a boundary and forbids access to its inside from outer channels, thus preserving the secrecy of the inner names from malicious outsiders. Secrecy is also preserved in the context of an untyped opponent